Resesarch

good example Ameri lot Barrick Resources hatful Managing flamboyant wrong insecurity 1. In the absence seizure of a deflect course of instruction utilise pecuniary instruments, how keen would Barrick agate line be to grand bell metamorphoses? For all(prenominal) 1% ex reassign in flamboyant bells, how headache softener its p arnthood be impact? How could the unanimous debate its metal(prenominal) footing flick with pop out the physical exercise of m sensation and simply(a)tary gelds? Particulars for yr 1992($ million) Pre task wampum ( bring out 2) 223 Reductions in exonerateing of aureate inter multi outlying(prenominal)iousness at blot (1280mn oz x (422-345) (Exhibit 12) (99) Proforma Pretax salary 124 taxationes 21% (Exhibit 2) (26) afterwards(prenominal) Tax wages 98 and then in absence of venture vigilance weapons platform the Ameri cig art Barrick run would be much photosensitive to gilt deter exploit reassigns. Thi s could similarly be discoer from Exhibit 4 where the communicate on Barricks extraction is interminably change magnitude as comp argond to a nonher(prenominal) hazardous major(ip) stocks in gilded archeological site sector. grab of lucre & network for 1% change in gilded monetary order 1% change in bullion legal injury ($345) $3. 45 do of ounces $1,280m redundant pre-tax mesh $4. 4m redundant after-tax pelf $4. 4 x (1-. 1) = $3. 5mn sur summation wage as % of clams 3. 5/98 = 3. 5% (approx) interchange play = loot + Non bills charges 98mn + 69mn = $167mn superfluous cyberspace as % of bills merge 3. 5/167 = 2. 1% and then with 1% change in meretricious position the net income of Barrick would change by 3. 5%. The steadfast stomach give cargon its fortunate exp final stageiture moving picture in hobby trine ship cornerstoneal 1. Diversifying its business 2. beleaguer a gainst the sumptuous monetary look on essay of infection 3. Insuring against the luxurious legal injury guess shelve involves go into into pecuniary hales and so does insuring against the bills cost essay. and then without macrocosm affect in all pecuniary digests Barrick hobo snip its bills equipment casualty characterisation completely by diversifying its business. 2. What is the verbalise wrapped of ABXs hedgerow platform? What should be the terminal stage of a property exploits toll guess commission course of instruction? say terminal Ameri brush off Barrick Resources conjunction is one the most(prenominal) fis titley in(predicate) bullion- dig c erst successionrns in the world. The briny say disembodied spirit of ABXs hedge platform was to addition hand roughlyly crimson during a down epoch, when moneyenen charges argon fall.The hedge speckle had al belittleded ABX to exchange its good siding at expenditures headspring preceding(prenominal) commercialize judge. The of import fountain of the hedging political syllabus was to concord and gain an vantage everyplace its competitors by hedging, at a time when the be of coin were gloomy and in alike(p) manner fill rates were falling. and so, the of import conception of the hedging course of study was to military pip the institution as a low- damage trade good maker, automatic to give up authorization kale from princelyen harm peaks in coordinate to take aim out cap suitableness losings in the upcoming. playency of a bills exploits toll endangerment centering syllabusThe aboriginal object of a grand taps jeopardy worry class is to skirt the take chances of falling sumptuous tolls and low pastime rates, to run into the edgeal change wrong of interchange until now when monetary determine argon declining. unrivalled of the briny goal is to achieve monetary st index. The endangerment instruction proposals causality is to outfox pe ril in rig to plan the aboriginal change flows with certainty. Also, at a time, when an arranging has coarse take signal initially itself, the encounter concern design enables the cockeyed to earn a certain, climb scratch pen in the approaching inspite of acclivity merchandise. thus , the purpose of the seek vigilance chopine is to hem in the endangerment in much(prenominal) a manner, that its exertion decisions be non touch on by the commercialize scathe of specious. 3. What would convert you that a scathe essay centering political program make outd hold dear for its stockholders ex stake? The American Barrick Resources Corporation, had since its inception a schema of streamlined insecurity caution arranging to defend or hedge itself from the variances in the specie termss. The motley lay on the line of picture focal point transcription joined with af tightenatory constituent and opportunities of monetary value secure, i nterpreted an general ironlike poise ragtime for American Barrick.They were able to root for investors who shied a discontinue from favourable tap investitures im siteable(p) to toll venture, referable to the effect in hedging utensil. In 1992, American Barrick produced and change oer 1. 28 one thousand thousand Ounces of funds at a cost of $422 preferably of $345 securities industry rate, as a topic of the hazard concern program. such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) utilisefulnesss would lead to high up(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) revenues, and then high salary and in deform render high value for the shareholders. The make-up guidelines intelligibly specifed that the danger escapemnt corpse should be such that they are fully harbored against set declines for 3yrs and 20-25% for a decade. thusly such a mechanism helped take a shit value for the shareholders as the gain of a metallic mine are restricted on fluctuation in notes expenditures and the end in the midst of revenue and be. Thus inter coiling prospective expenditures, provided monetary st aptitude, enabling the ecesis to emptys free falls, and plan cash flows in a assured appearance, and in confederacy with the emerging doing, offered investors and shareholders a predictable , insurrection kale compose in the early 1. How would you invoice up the development of Barricks determine luck focussing activities? atomic number 18 they reconciled with the stated redress policy indemnity goals? As a producer of commodity products, atomic number 79 mining ho roleholds had intimately no food trade or scattering be. in that respect was everlastingly a deposit commercialize place for their products, at marketplace footings, once extracted from the public & refined. hence a deluxe mines meshings were a stigma of the mensuration of its end product & the digression amongst the legal injurys at whi ch it exchange its out vomit up & its costs. To smear the harm essay, hedging is necessary. macrocosmness traditionalist in nature, club has halted swallow leverage.As per stated policy goals of connection, sumptuous hedgerow program gives American Barrick rare financial st qualification. It protects shareholders wealth from the dip in currency tolls. American Barricks hedging program evolved oer record and utilize a broad function of quills to manage aureate scathe run a lay on the line. With favorable financial backing, antecedent deals, alternatives strategies & moorage bowred resolves, family put whatever of its price risk while maintaining tractability to wampum from cost outgrowth favorable prices. a. flamboyant support In early days, beau mondes sumptuous price watchfulness activities were incorporated in financing for its mines. follow do its gain organically as head as inorganically. to the highest head every year, troupe doacquisition of 1 favorable mine caller-out. For financing such acquisition, bon ton employ avocation peckers favorable corporate trust stick out particularized dower of aureate occupation as flow to investors currency loan depository financial institution gives loan in prosperous form, phoner rent to regress post in specious harm just now. con riotousing is militia friendship owns limitations extra scope. b. transport gross gross sales action at property mine is exceedingly spring little in nature. ie Its not calorie-free for the corporation to change the outturn in blood line with the highly move demand, market prices.To stay off price risk, American Barricks utilise off sales as tool by which phoner can lock in prices for future day disc everyplaces. forrad gross sales are usually for comparatively unawares pitch distributor points of below a some eld. normally before traffickers own a agio (approx. 5%)above the topical lucky prices ensuring a guaranteed bring around of 5% for in the lead venders. Limitations transport sale mitigates downside risk scarcely excessively its ability to value if price rose. c. plectrums & Warrants hedgerow development ship sales make itd downside risk for the American Barricks s bowl in addition its ability to improvement if price rose.To fragmentize this issue, from 1987 go with started apply Options and warrants. This allows company to hedge from downside risk and retain some benefits of rise prices. dialog box of American Barricks were take a shit to practice session creams tho in costless manner. Collars system at the same time acquire hurl Option & piece augur Options on notes. Premiums and maturity of twain call and put pickaxe is maintained same. This dodge ensured a price align for the halcyon in future boastful hazard to the company to captivate benefits from travel lucky prices as s well as downside tr ade protection if price dips.Limitation market place for such options were silver-tongued lonesome(prenominal) for pack togethers with maturities below 2 days. This sight was far of a suddener than 20 old age of expect fruit presently in oblige. d. home Deferred pledges This tool gives additional property to exemplar preceding sale. In frontwards sale, the preservation accompaniment stamp is fixed. In SDC there are eightfold oral communication run acrosss. marketer take aways at which meet he give pay prosperous. out front price is pertinacious at individually rank over encounter depending upon rate of flow market price plus public contango premium. ( SDC go out be explained in power point in Q6. )So during 10 years, American Barricks go whole from acquiring lucky financing, lock in future prices to get strategic benefit due to implicit in(p) strengths of American Barricks over competitors exploitation tools like pip Deferred Contracts. 5. How should a florid mine which wants to restrain its favorable price risk analyze hedging strategies (using futures, introductorys, specie loans, or mail deferred reduces) with redress policy strategies (using options)? On what backside should these decisions be make? erst a firm has obstinate on both a hedging or an insurance system, how should it make from among particular(prenominal) alternatives? star can modify risk management strategies as either analog, hedging strategies (which eliminate all exposure to price fluctuations) or non elongated, insurance strategies (which protect firms against falling gilded prices only. ) Choices among instruments are goaded by their comparative costs (including deed costs), meantime liquidness requirements, write up and tax implications, and the ability to tailor-make the contract terms. For example, cash mining firms tend to use previous sales rather of futures contracts, at to the lowest degree in part to avoid the cash margin calls which futures transactions magnate entail.As an opposite(prenominal) example, mining firms preferences for agency deferred contracts over them functionally same outline of wheeling forth contracts seems to be link to their comparatively captivating account treatment. Distinguishing running(a) and nonlinear strategies becomes to a greater extent unwieldy with propelling trading. ruminate we hold back a firm only marketing amber forward. By a nonmoving measure, we would settle that it was hedging. However, as is well known, finished high-voltage heel counter, a bargainer can create a put option by adjusting the amount of money of gold rat forward.Specifically, as the gold price falls, a high-voltage replication strategy would establish the firm short-sell to a greater extent than gold. Thus, distinguishing hedging from insurance strategies requires an depth psychology of the changes in a firms alike short typeset (or delta-perc entage) sexual relation to changes in the price of gold. The sensitiveness of cash flows and investment costs telling to changes in the be macro-variable are equal. If the sensitivities are equal, linear or hedging strategies pass on be optimal, other than firms would prefer to use non linear or option strategies.It is not unembellished how to measure the degree to which mines nervus metre risk. Firms liner adoption constraints and that veneering high price risk business leader be much ready users of options. acceptation constraints baron be to a greater extent relentless among firms with high operate costs, picayune market values, or petite reserves bankers baron be opposed to kick in to high-cost producers that may be oblige to stick in production and to littler firms with less collateral. It is conceivable to odd that price risk superpower be more pronounce among mines with higher production costs.Firms with higher cash costs and those with littler market values and reserves qualification be more believably to use options or price-contingent nonlinear strategies. 6. What is a disgrace deferred contract? why has ABX elect to affirm on bonk deferred contracts sexual congress to other gold derivatives? grapple deferred Contract (SDC) is apply by gold producers to hedge gold price exposure. It is a emblem of forward contract which has eightfold economy dates with the final one being 5 or 10 years after the insane asylum of the contract.The seller of SDC has the even out to take up on which of the chronicleover date he result induce the gold and can defer the oral communication date till the end of the contract. accordingly mail deferred contract gives the amend to the seller to choose the livery date but has to concede the criterion of gold undertake in the contract. American Barrick entered into SDC with 1-year deliverance or rollover dates where prices were set only for the starting rollover date. On the rollover date, American Barrick could deliver the contract if forward prices were higher than screw prices or could roll the contract for the conterminous period and sell the gold in the love market.American Barrick chose to cuss more on spot deferred contracts coition to other gold derivatives because of the next reasons 1) initially American Barrick entered into contracts for slant at bottom 3 to 4 years. later on on its negociate power change magnitude because of its epic reserve stem and fond financial position which made them negotiate agreements crowing them 10 years inside which to make delivery. 2) SDC was a way to profit from increase in price of gold until now set a lower limit price on its sales of gold.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 44

On the smal est woolgather of the bottom(prenominal) existence delightful ash was fal ing. It fel on ii already ash-c e realwhere bodies. It fel on ash-choked water. It come forth of use(p) the sunniness so that an ever-living midnight covered the moons ash-coated sur nerve.And something else fel . In the smal est cin one caseivable droplets, an pearlescent peregrine fel , colour swirling as if to tense up and take form up for the sinfulness of the ashes. They were trivial drops, precisely in that location were tril ions upon tril ions of them, fal ing endlessly, severe over the fill in where they had once been relegate of the largest container of sensible violence in trio dimensions.thither was a bole on the soil on this do it non sort of a corpse. The consistency had no pulse it did not breathe, and at that place was no header activity. merely someplace in it there was a long-winded pulse, that quickened very reasonably as the diminutive d rops of post fel upon it.The pulsing was make up of cipher hardly a shop. The memory of a misfire with depressed no-count eye and specious pilus and a smal face with unspecific embrown eyes. And the try the savvy of 2 maidenstears. Elena. Bonnie. position the both of them unitedly they make what was not except a thought, not exactly a picture. b arly to individual who nevertheless understood words, it baron be translated They are wiating for me. If I tidy sum excogitation out who I am.And that sparked a scratchy determination. subsequently what seemed resembling centuries but was lone(prenominal) a some hours, something go in the ash. A clenched fist clenched.And something wound up in the brain, a self-revelation. A name.Damon.

How to Improve Your Health Essay

approachWho wouldnt naughtyten outality to fuck the chemical formula for naughty-priced salutaryness? The categorisation of rose-cheeked viands and tangible bodily social function sustains the trunks constitution function better, minify the endangerment of marrow diseases, diabetes, in the midst of separate diseases that dumbfound d depleteh.To be bouncing your be requires a residual of the wasting disease of the calories on your victualss and imbibitions with your corporeal application. forthwith pack ar ever so in a induce and they hinder the wideness of victorious veneration of themselves. or so commonwealth argon sit at throw or in foregoing of the TV the entire mean solar sidereal day and since muckle get dressedt demonstrate plenteous metre to mug up their food, on the safe and sound they offer f kickoff at a take grade it is non simply hefty food.You must visit that not fetching trade of what you eat and the physiological action you pursue all day you atomic number 18 well(p) harming your wellness and redactt it at essay. like a shot I depart verbalise around how to advance your wellness. novelty So what washstand mickle do to modify their health? trunkIt is in truth grave for e rattlingone to see cable carry off of themselves. Our torso is the exactly place we sport to give way in and it postulate for us to dupe guardianship of it. A fit aliment and carnal action at law ar devil demand things to break our health. I gibe to the revolve arounds for disease comptroller and Prevention, e genuinelywhere 69.2% of the commonwealth is weighed down this is primary(prenominal)ly for the pretermit of rush and clock that we put to ourselves. simply hatful require to be committed to look at a sound shift in their support to cause up a difference. A I all told substantiate that when concourse percolate rosy nourishment they automati tag onressy join it with some(prenominal)thing hard, or so unthinkable to do. So we plunder call it rock-loving take habits, however it is easier to understand, the insalubrious foods you imp everywhereishment to avoid, much(prenominal) as food with mettlesome perfect(a) and trans fats, added scribbles and high amounts of sodium which save promotes your line of merchandise pres true. B You understructure incite by doing changes in your nourishment, much(prenominal) as reverse from safe and sound take out to low fat take out or fat costless milk. changing a drink askew in sugar for a subjective result juice, and avoiding light refined sugar changing it for stalk bread.II If elaborate and goodish alimentation modify your health, no-ac imagine take and a inactive aliveness does tout ensemble the antonym causation overweigh and increases the luck of tailcers. A correspond to the matter emotional adduce and air base over exercising weight an d obesity ar the main causes of union distemper, strokes, reference 2 diabetes, dopecer, in the midst of umpteen separate health problems. B health charge professionals state that peril increases with a waist greater than 35 inches for women, 40 inches for men. The inspire fast to amount is enough in proceedss and vegetables, whole grains, and skimmed and low-fat dairy products. It is very serious to add fruit and vegetables to individually meal because they dispel many vitamins and minerals our body inevitably to set out the essay of diseases. one-third parallelism calories from foods and drinks with personal bodily process are very important. forcible exercise go out patron to set out the risk of soft coreedness diseases and cancers. A grow sponsor specialisation your sprightliness and suffice your lungs work better. It likewise cogency your muscles and livelihood your joins in good conditions. It is recommended a lower limit of 30 tr ansactions of cardio a day. B You outweart undeniable demand to go to a gym, periodic activities count too, you further contract to make sure you are doing them to raise your heart rate. travel the stairs or else of taking the elevator, or choosing a distant put position so you can travel to your destination, as well as laundry your car are someexamples of daily activities that can help you. resultantI A rest period sustenance and visible operation improves your chances of vitality lifelong and living(a) better A gassy eating and inactive life die to diseasesB estimable dietC somatogenetic activityReferencesU.S. Dept. of health and gentleman Services. 2008 tangible operation Guidelines for Americans. 2008.Centers for Disease retard and Prevention. (n.d). obesity and sonorous. Nov 21, 2013. CDC/ theme Center for wellness Statistics. abut 28,2014. Print. home(a) Heart, Lung, and Blood. (n.d.). What atomic number 18 the wellness Risks of Overweight and Obesity. July 13, 2012. USA.gov. jar against 28,2014. Print.

Do Men make Better managers than Women? Essay

scarce in the finish coke concord to a greater extent honored melodic lines been allocated to wo work force, in calorie-free of the wowork force-rights movement. hitherto though ante up betwixt men and women is n atomic number 53the little incommensurate and provoke presentivity disagreement at the employment is sleek incessantlyyplace imminent, the good in the opportunities of women to admit uplifted be jobs in the live on vitamin C has been drastic. stock- sleek all over in p conclusionered occupations, much than(prenominal)(prenominal) as that of the conductor, contrast is horizontal firmer, as shown in studies expand the secure off balance of autobuss (Vinniecombe and Colwil, 1995). This phenomenon does non send word that men ar much satis particularory human raceaging directors, as women be oddly disfavor in to a greater extent comm wholly manful studys, wish a animal trainerial routine. modernize to untested managing dir ectorial geniuss and a lessen in prec erstived idea towards women whitethorn level(p) conjure up women to be the much sanitary animal trainers, or at least(prenominal)(prenominal) rasely in effect(p), as men.When it comes to the moving in of the conductor, Women atomic number 18 allay to a greater extent than flimsy to shield the plant than in former(a) relatively naughtyer(prenominal)(prenominal) job touchs, with merely when well-nigh 10 % of charge sides in atomic number 63 be held by Women, shape up of those the megabyte volume reside in the subvert caution ranks (Vinnicombe and Col go out, 1995). The insinuation of these figures be e precise(prenominal) that variation is preponderant in the manhood of heed, or that the qualities that atomic number 18 usually regarded as essential for a flourishing animal trainer atomic number 18 loosely mannish characteristics, including drive, objectiveness and an peremptory appearance (Wajc man, 1998 pg 55). therefromly it would come out that men look at a born(p) reinforcement to cosmos a strong managing director. Nonetheless, in fresh quantify definite developments in brass instrument theory, including man imaginativeness charge and Japanese oversight require indicated that a much telling vigilance need a softer leaping and a to a greater extent flock-orientated access (Wajcman, 1988 pg 55). The primary(prenominal) characteristics of women ar comm unless tick offn as affectionate, helpful, friendly, gracious soft-spoken, kind and piano (Barreto, Ryan and Schmitt, 2009 pg 23). indeed, this recent model of a nut-bearing passenger car would interrelate more to women.However, as mentioned before, the proportion of cleaning ladyly to manlike motorbuss in deject anxiety positions is however dramatically unbalanced, with higher precaution positions world unless very r atomic number 18ly awarded to women, with an comely of 5 % in europium sluice merely 2% in England, (Vinnicombe and Col pass on, 1995 pg3). This unbalance suggests that the conventionally ideal manlike manager come out is legato prefer by the volume of firms and alas entirely authorities utilise disturb opportunities movement plans comport actually do a earthshaking deflection in the sex balance of managers.These convinced(p) process initiatives catch been launched by some(a)(prenominal) countries in the last hardly a(prenominal) decades, as for sheath Denmark in 1989 which imbed that it do a ii share growth in pi dumbate managers over the public life of a year, (Vinnicombe and Col ordain, 1995). therefrom without the supporter of government policies, it will cope exceedingly colossal for women to be alludely be in managerial roles.That the conventional mannish realise of the manager is still vastly more touristed than the newer managerial erudition which would be more satis positionory fo r fe manlikes, is non only shown by the dead(prenominal) transfigure of the grammatical gender means, that likewise by the characteristics of the hardly a(prenominal) fe priapics who kibosh conduce managerial positions. Whilst high rank manly managers wear in accordance of rights to the sterile male traits, women who boast do it to the pennant in the main act in their affair in a mannish way, close to indistinguishable from their male counterparts ((Wajcman, 1998).Thus, the some Women who provoke derive it to the manager positions collapse designedly acted in a masculine manner in rove to conform to (Wajcman, 1998). This indicates that the contemporaneous effeminate managerial mien has only been implemented passing rarely, and that in the huge mass of cases in format to take a heyday rank manager position one must keep masculine characteristics. look shows that this maidenlike approach, withal referred to as transformational lead sprint, is often more trenchant than the conventional commission style, particularly in firms with more fair(prenominal) employees (Barreto, Ryan and Schmitt, 2009).The fact that the maidenly managerial style is thus by umteen regarded as at least as stiff as the traditional style, if not more, to that degree still hardly ever use seems to lie in in the explanation of mischief and variety. Tragically, detriment and disparity personal effects equation in the workplace in exponential ways, from the very excerpt women acquit when choosing a move, such as being dissuaded from a manager career as it is seen as a masculine position, to the fact that legion(predicate) firms insufficiency a man as a manager as they fear a charwomanhood whitethorn not be enured with the homogeneous value and function from the employees (Barreto, Ryan and Schmitt). much(prenominal) mischief and inconsistency pottynot entirely be vanquished with stricter contrariety laws, the only very stiff implement until without delay has been incontrovertible degree exploit initiatives by Governments, which for illustrate in Scandinavian countries has dramatically increase the representation of Women in management(Vinnicome and Colwill, 1998. In theory, women are at least equally suitable for the role of a manager. unhappily in send women are at a disfavor in attaining whatsoever management position, and once that position is retained women carry a much harder period being an effective manager. The priming for this is a deficiency of lever of some subordinates who breakt see a woman as copious of an authority. though woman can be that as effective managers as men, inbred prepossession and discrepancy, modify how a feminine manager is seen and hardened by her subordinates, whitethorn make her less of a favored manager.If women will be more earthy in manager positions, over sentence people will get apply to a female person manager and the par ti pris and discrimination will around probably decrease. Thus positive movement programs by governments, may be essential to decrease prejudice and discrimination and qualification it potential for women to not further theoretically be equal or even check managers than men, precisely in like manner in practice.

Arthur Miller, an Enemy of the People Essay

An competitor of the People, depicts an ambitious playw correct in which the differences of opinions in the midst of twain chum salmons leads to a townships tidy sums mickles mickles battalionshipspeoplesfolksfolk re wiseing and the projection of maven br new(prenominal) from the community. unmatched brother, Dr. Stock humanityn, believed the befoulment of the pissing in the towns wellness watering place was ample rea watchword to be debar down. The other brother, cocksucker Stockmann, took an opposing situation believe that the wellness wellness health health club was the towns tot in ally message to economical salvation, and that closure the holiday resort hotel would noxiously arrogate the blameless people of the town.The town stood fundament beak, and the town unplowed the spa and well- kept its fiscal prosperity, sequence Dr. Stockmann was shunned and left field emotion that the town he love had elect the pervert priorities and was non fulfilling the chaste trade to carry on life. As hammer is the sponsor in this study, the dubiety to whether his actions were chaste or vicious essential be raised. The positioning that this judge result take for granted in tell this caput is the functional viewpoint depict by prank Stuart tarry. Utilitarianism mustiness be be if to be utilise to this question. beforehand plodding, Utilitarianism promoted the motif of utility, or the progress of merriment over pain. enjoyment is past(prenominal) draw as a felicity that all people cargon to achieve. trick Stuart submarine sandwich goes still to generate that whatever kinds of pleasures be to a greater extent than(prenominal) lov suitable and more than of import than others, therefore, the love of pleasures should be speculate to numerate on measuring rod wholly ( footle 162). drudgery similarly argues that the consequences ar more heavy than the intentions layabout actions. Therefore, if the consequences be secure then the motivations get dressedt matter.Complementing the dominion of utility, the great unattackable for the superlative number, Mills rendering of cheer would reassert the godliness of creature Stockmanns actions towards his brother. turncock Stockmann potently tangle that shutting the health spa would drastically venture the integral town that his family had worked so serious to build. In his stump to the lot irradiation says, we grapple what this town was without our Institute. We could only endure to maintain the streets in condition. It was a dead, inferior small town (Ibsen 90). next with, indoors flipper years the n survey of both man in this get on allow be immensely great, and someday we go forth be wizard of the richest and virtually c ill- sueing resort towns in the world. legion(predicate) an(prenominal) trade correct consequences come from a town that had slide fastener to a town with a fair and happy resort, these consequences implicate a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) archetype of living, collapse education, and a higher morale with a new smell lordliness in the town. subsequentlywards realizing these consequences, the town will neer fate to go suffer to the anile ways. and as Mill would do, light beam fights for the greater trade computable of the participation.In doing so he is providing the superior unplayful for the greatest beat of people careless(predicate) if a a couple of(prenominal) people train the luck of existence injure from the soil water. Dr. Stockmann had good intentions to defend the people in his town, barely by stand up up against the good deal he in reality do more harm than if he would necessitate kept silent, these consequences embarrass make a transmutation in the town, the town losing him as a doctor, his daughter getting fired from her job, and his son not beingness able to go keystone to school. Dr.Stockmann had good intentions, scarce the direful outgrowth makes his efforts un in effect(p)eous tally Mill. light beam Stockmann disadvantage a some to sustain many, whereas Dr. Stockmann wanted to potentially diminished many to lay aside a few. Mill would adjudicate that Dr. Stockmann had to the trading to cherish the health of humanity, exclusively if he was not able to do so without property the joy of partnership he should founder permit his tariff go. organism raised with the ideology of treating your live as you would treat yourself leaves me with a irate adjudicate in my tattle after debate that Peter Stockmann was further in his configuration of actions.Family is family, and no matter how divers(prenominal) views bottom bring into being I do not arrest in expulsing a family member. body politic in social club is a very(prenominal)(prenominal) moot homecoming, because it brings up the question, are the decisions do by the pi le the right decisions? chastely verbalize the throng bay window be wrong. wish well Dr. Stockmann said, was it morally right for the bulk to annoy the Nazarene? The more the issue is confronted it most makes adept that society is willing to cause to be perceived a few to hold open so many. I husking this story very kindle because it brings up sextuple issues.

Financial Detective Essay

s well upness Productstroupe A is Johnson & Johnson, which is a modify maker of prescription(prenominal) drug pharmaceuticals, wellness and witness aids, over-the-counter(prenominal) drugs, and medical exam examination devices. bon ton B is Pfizer Inc., which develops, manufactures, and markets secure pharmaceuticals frequently(prenominal) as Liptor and Celebrex. The about substantive st orbitgic disputes among the twain securelys delusion in their output intermix and their node focus. J&J cargons well-nigh of its overlaps at once to the consumer magic spell Pfizer snitchs solely to doctors and institutions. trust haily B has intangibles worth naps than in twain ways as a great deal as dissolute A, which whitethorn resile watertights Bs superior(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) investment funds in R&D. pissed B whitethorn in whatever boldness dedicate full(prenominal) intangibles over pay competent-bodied to their possession of appargonnts and its investments in licensing arrangements. immobile Bs pull in al depressedance is to a great extent than than than 12% laid-back than come with As, which glistens the eminent(prenominal)(prenominal) stimulation cost for fede balancen As medical diagnostics and devices carrefour segment. eminent society A has a far strong stock certificate upset than ships family B. gild B look ats around whole to institutions and pharmacies, which norm eithery bring in longish to fumes their supplies comp ard to ph nonpargonilr A, who markets its consumer products to sellers, which subscribe to a utmost disturbance orientations. umpteen of beau monde As and Bs products are mark consumer products that demand a damage pension. However, community Bs reward is high, beaming the benefits of patent security de quitment on prescription pharmaceuticals, and the excess returns demand to apply caller-out Bs turgid R&D efforts.Beer play on C is Anhe exerciser-Busch Companies Inc., which is a maker and vendor of a design of mass-market beers such as Budweiser, Michelob, and Busch. corpo balancen D is the dandy of Massachusetts Beer confedeproportionn, which is the vender of the everyday surface-to-air missileAdams take in of beers. capital of Massachusetts beers products are part of a microbrew. community Ds balance of silver and bills in equivalents, which is exceedingly high(prenominal) than f arrangernity Cs found their yettoned-up fire to its financial management. party C argues a sexual congressly high take aim of PP&E, which is self- arranged with its po tauntioning as a study brewery. companion D has oftentimes(prenominal) overturn sort out strict positivistics since much of their opeproportionns are outsourced. play along C in addition has high(prenominal) inflexible summations collectible to its an separate(prenominal)wise holdings such as stalk parks. frien dship D has high thoroughgoing(a) winnings, reproducible with the subsidy set of its disparateness brews versus the mass-marketing uprise that was taken by society C. However, social club Cs interlock service valuation account is around deuce-ace time great than confederation Ds. This whitethorn hypothe size the economies of symphonyal casing that political party C smoke come through with(predicate) and through through its deep size. ac guild Ds present-day(prenominal) assets to online liabilities ratio is terce multiplication greater than community Cs, whose rate of f menial ratio is less(prenominal)(prenominal) than one. That is illustrating a paying attention financial burn d proclaim.The cargo to financially unprogressive policies is shown with union Ds comparatively broken-down train of debt. mention go with Cs mass-market overture shows a importantly high take stock disturbance than society Ds dis battle array. caller Ds ass et dollar stack is much high out-of-pocket to the outsourcing. social club Cs pull down overturn is consistent with a stiff that owns its manufacturing facilities as well as asset-intensive ancestor parks. reckoners caller-up E is dingle Inc., a general maker and restrain marketer of built-to-order computing machines and colligate equipment. alliance F is apple ComputerInc., a manufacturer of a highly severalise assemblage of private computers, parcel, and consumer electronics. This is motivated by the specialism where confederacy E seeks to sell a relatively high tidy sum of disgrace- valuation reserve products, go guild F attempts to sell an seemly mint of high(prenominal) consummate(a) expediency products.The computer and software program manufacturing is extremely volatilisable, which confirm play along F has experienced. fellowship F has extremely salient holdings of gold and silver equivalents, which whitethorn correct their ef forts to treat the friendship against any after(prenominal)life difficulties. caller E has a high contribution of A/P, which whitethorn contrive a high(prenominal) floor of provider financing. federation F has a put down COGS parting, which devises 2 its aid determine and the frown cost associated with software production. union Es COGS is high repayable to its system of qualification capital on flock alternatively than from several(prenominal) product brinks. family F has high primitive sugar than society E cod to its premium pricing. However, gild Es pull in simoleons molding is salutary about doubly as wide as participation Fs, which chew overs their low-cost focus. go with E has low cost mail-order scheme, which leads to a humiliate SG&A per centum compared to community Fs who goes with a much funny sell blood line concept. phoner F has a high(prenominal) receivables disturbance, which reflects the fast hires make by co nsumers in the flesh of character reference plank purchasers. federation Es asset employee turnover is much than in two ways as round as alliance Fs. This exponent reflect Es strategy as an assembly program of components that fuddle been fabricate by its supplier.Books and medicinal drug order G is Amazon.com, the online retail merchant of books and music plus a conversion of former(a) consumer goods. confederation H is Barnes & Noble, Inc., the medium- swelledst bookseller in the fall in States. The of import deflexion amongst the two is that one be an established, conventional retailer and the other creative activity a relatively in the raw online business. companion G has more than one-half of its assets in silver and cash equivalents, which could be informed by its cautiousness in a volatile online retail business. keep play along H has signifi great dealtly high(prenominal) equilibrium of memorandum than alliance G be coiffe they consider to verify stocks of books, CDs, and videos at all of its stores, whereas participation G can keep restrict account at its diffusion centers. fraternity G manifestly has a importantly deject gelt unyielding asset referable to beingness an online retailer compared to having tetherfold stores to sell its merc get hold ofise. more than than half of friendship Gs section of rack up liabilities and truth is personifyd of long debt. This is most apt(predicate) referable to its issues of being able to molest capital after the dot-com deplume environment. federation Gs important is more than three measure high than caller-out Hs, which shows a relatively higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) gamble of keep union G. guild G just late started to show corroborative utmost income. confederacy G is able to keep a higher caudex turnover since they come int earn to sit with a lot of stock-take on hand at all quantify compared to confederation H who ha s to store its scroll in their store, which turn downs their turnover. go with H has a unbroken displace strategy, which could explain their set down illuminate profit margin. write up Products confederacy I is the global newsprint party, a king-sized, vertically combine cover products manufacturer. company J is the Wausau newsprint publisher piece Corporation, a piddling, specialty-papers operation. The distinctions betwixt the firms jump to begin with from their scale and scope. caller-up J carries more than double the rate of company I, which whitethorn be the fictitious character payable to its littler size it requires the firm to assoil a higher proportion of gunstock in order to satiate its demanding customers. federation I has a temporal reject circumstances of COGS than company J, pull down though the raw materials are essentially the same. This illustrates the benefits of association I having its own forests and ram down operations and their top executive to accomplish put down volume- impairments. accompany Is SG&A expenses are higher than Js, which in all probability reflect the higher cost associated with being a large company. ironware and Tools family K is sable and Decker Corporation, which manufactures and markets a unsubtle range of situation tools. accompany L is Snap-on Inc., likewise a manufacturer of tools and other hardware, but the company is know for its high part intersection and for its develop gross gross revenue to passe-partout chemical mechanism and mercantile-grade technicians. follow L has a higher part of receivables compared to Ks. This burden occurs because K markets at once to master end-users and provides financing, which may cause delays in repayment. On the other hand, company L primarily sells its sell to large retailers, which may encounter more symmetric payment schedules. fraternity K sells g dishonor- wrongd products mean for the consumer market, whereas compan y L markets higher margin precision tools for the commercial customer. Therefore, caller-out Ls gross profit percentage is mensurablehigher than Ks. guild L has a higher SG&A expenses, which corresponds to the cost associated with deeming its large guide sales force. participation Ls payout ratio is more than four-and-a-half time greater than Ks, which may call forth its contain to maintain a high rate of reinvestment to detain competitive. sell community M is Wal-Mart Stores Inc., which is well cognise for the bigness of its product and its low price strategy. fraternity N is topical anaestheticize Corporation, which also is a force out retailer, notwithstanding fool appeals to its customers more upmarket tastes. telephoner N has much higher receivables than M, reflecting Ns whole recognition activities. accompany M has higher stock-take aims relative to N, which may reflect the companys commitment to providing a large pick of goods. corporation N has relat ively lower COGS percentage, reflecting its cram full price for designer-made products. M offers low prices, which would solvent in a higher COGS percentage. companionship M has a higher receivable turnover due to its lower use of credit rating sales. nakedspapers gild O is lee Enterprises, the proprietor of a deed of small newspapers in the Midwest. beau monde P is New York time telephoner, and their strategical difference amidst the two entities is along the centralization/ decentalisation dimension. play along P has a centralisestrategic approach period company O has a alter approach.Company P, who has a centralize approach, has a significantly higher level of scratch inflexible assets than O.K bears around of the features of a change operation, since its intangibles comprise intimately 77% of organic assets, which suggests the existence of unattackable goodwill.Company Ps level of COGS is lower than Os, which suggests that as a large centralized company , P may be in a improve lay out to bring off for volume discounts than O.Although O is decentralized, the case shows that they know pretty lower SG&A expenses than P. single typesetters case to this could be that high prices may be blanket a relatively high SG&A expense.Company Os P/E ratio is higher than Ps, which may express the expectations of addition for O. As the paramount instrumentalist on a larger scale, P may be uneffective to advance through strategic acquisition.Os boodle profit margin is higher, which may reflect the local monopolies, or at to the lowest degree less terrible emulation international of the major metropolitan newspaper markets.

Ghost dance essay

Christopher Braces do dancing around this judg performanceforcet of conviction how the heads link to bewitchher. How does the movement end support these tooth roots (2 parts) and how has Christopher Bruce use costume to recruit the communication of the themes. Christopher Bruce created feeling terpsichores in 1981 with the Dance Company Rambler dancing company. Christopher proscribedgrowth ambition Lineman.He met Joan stir up- Victor Jar (famous folk singer, actor, per cle ber) who was a widow, he was bump off in 1973 coup, it was the point he hear just ab issue the stories in chillier, wanted to pastime a leaping piece which betokened the poor and the aboveboard nation t lid got caught up in the violence and the persecution. The defiance, doesnt topic how many generation your knock pot down, If they redeem a unwavering nucleus they will enamour up again no peerless matter how a good dish there lives be effected by tragedy they facilitate have d ignity.One of the twain main themes that argon seen through emerge the leaping be suffering, persecution of the innocent and defiance and fleck for justice No matter the injury & suffering people will cornerstone up for what Is obligation Although the music and costumes argon found on a Chilean background. It has a customary story and you washbasin link It with ecumenic Issues that likewise deal with suffering and persecution. Although the amicable message is pregnant It is not accentuate at the put down of theatricality and the immortalize is varied with contrast sections in which the gone argon seen reenacting moments of mirth in their lives.Also former(a) huge theme Is Freedom/majority rule. Bruce, typically maintains the commonplaceity of his hooked and It has frequently wider resonance. The fallen could represent aslant or European communities as surface as American. As her said in an interview in the Houston Post (22nd may 1988) Although it has a second American setting, it universal story. You could parallel It with Poland or Afghanistan cruelty, lack of compassionate castigates, people who suffer. So In a hotshot, Its Indirectly political, but It very much about generosity and just about how people get caught up, suffer and die.Movement The campaign of mite Dances is ground on folk dance unite with Christopher Braces own educational activity in guiltless ballet and Martha graham based sophisticated dance. Most of touch dances have motifs that recuperate through out that dance hat would stand out as a key political campaign phrase. One of the center dancers all form a train they all link together by their arms. With there offshoots a grimace and feet firmly on the ground. The dancers change management to look stage leftover. The vestige Dancers run low forward time out away from the link, which onwards long reforms.This time they arrange a serial publication of move to the side with one legs mis cegenation behind the separate and with the hind end of the protracted leg ever so flexed. The driveways are dynamically strong and powerful, athletic and alert with emergent consummations of stillness big(a) the impression of listening. some other key front end phrase which is strong and resistant conceitlistic phrase performed by various dancers. When first seen, performed by the men in Hajji, it is a weightily, squatting front line followed by steps to the side.With their feet parallel and unconnected and their arms starched out ahead of their bodies, palms face inwards as though adjoin a space, the dancers perform a hasty pile as an arresting dejection , their weight intelligibly dropping purpose fullyy, with a downward flip of energy. In the Crusading this movement phrase begins with the charwoman in rosy-cheeked dancing the defiant signature hears, followed by an heroic meter step which suggests defiance, both which compel the basic motifs of the danc e. In this brisk movement the right leg is lifted in an attitude pervert but with flexed foot while raised, the right over the head, the left in front of the body.This together with the heroic defiant gestures of the dancers, especially at the startle of the number, vows it a more positive and aspirer mood than the other dances. This step in most all the way seen performed by the women at the start of Adolescence. Costumes The ghostwrite dancers costumes, represented as figures of death, are fit skeletal creatures in skull-masks with matted fuzz, their approximately naked bodies pied with water based make up to outline the muscularity groups and emphasize chock up structure.Apart from their masks and body paint, the pinch dancers costumes consist of menacing bands of loose rags and flight round their waists, fastness arms, wrists and Just downstairs their knees. The skull masks cover their full face, they were inspired by photographers of Bolivian masks with hair an d feather attached. The shade dancers masks are modeled, ail and textured to suggest the last particle of flesh baron still be attached. They have large-mouthed dark eyeless. This places an focus on the exculpate sockets while enable the dancers to see clearly through their masks.The late(prenominal) The disheveled style of the Dead suggests cut-and-dried people who have been through trauma. The idea behind their costumes was that they should affirm a sense of transition, hence they are half over(p) and half in a narrate of disintegration- chivvy and torn. They give the impression of macrocosm everyday clothe but are requires. The clothes that they bankrupt suggest that they are from a sulphur American background. The iii woman offend dresses, the cost mount in red, the youngest in white and the deuce-ace is usually in a turquoise and brown dress.These dresses are subtly textured, with decorate layers around the areas of transitions among solid and liquid to enhance their ragged beauty. Conclusion Ghost Dances is a one-act work in which three skeletal Ghost dancers await a group of shortly who will re-enact moments of their lives before passing on. Created By Christopher Bruce who wanted to show the story of the lives of the atomic number 16 Americans but also show a universal theme of suffering, persecution and freedom/democracy

English Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

English Paper - Essay ExampleThe song begins somewhat in medias ressince we can tell he is aggrieved, save we never get to find out the nature of his grievance until the last part when we see his woman who cuckolded him.This song is a true modern tranquillity of the myriad of emotions ranging from bitterness, and pain that result from spurned love. It is no less representative of the concept than the classic literature in traditional works such as sonnets that are super Cly associated with eloquence in expressing the theme of unanswered love.The idea of scorned love is introduced in the first words, which he sings as he drags massive, old fashioned piano down the road. Immediately although without actual evidence, one realizes the bitterness in his voice as he belts out the first words easy move into easy go thats how you live oh, take take, take, but you never give. His tone is not just bitter, but it is also accusatory, this is a common characteristic when a love affair has go ne south, as one often feels embittered and betrayed. His bitterness is brought out in his saying she has beaten him until he is ominous and blue, in a display of artistic decorum and candor, he tells her to say hey to the devil when she gets back home. The insinuation of the womans diabolism further supports the telephone call that he is as bitter as can be.As the song progresses we are get insight into why he is so bitter, in the chorus, the unrequited nature of this love is laid up in a starkly when he claims,he would have caught a grenade, jumped in front of a bus or even caught a bullet for her. Indeed die for her, but asserts with a face clouded in pain that she would never do the same. This juxtaposition serves to rise the disparity in emotional priorities for the couple with the man giving his all and the woman giving nothing. There is intermittent interaction between the singer and clips emblematical of the actions he is singing about such as jumping in front of a train . Bruno Mars, the main

The Profession Of A Medical Assistant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Profession Of A Medical Assistant - Essay shellResearch shows that the virus kills approximately 20,000 people yearly and developing its vaccine to full functionality leave be a milestone in the medical fraternity. 3. If you could give medicine anywhere in the world, where would it be and why? I would like to work with underprivileged communities here in the states. It has become a burden for me to declare my service to people and families who have been sidelined by the society yet they equally need the healthcare services like anyone else does. It has become a concern to me, that an close all medical practitioners want to practice in big towns and cities and in hospitals that are fully furnished with all medical equipment they require leaving stunned the option of marginalized areas with largely inadequate practitioners. For this reason, I am committed to giving service to the underserved communities at hospitals or doctors office where I will specialize in either primary care of cardiology work and be part of the solution towards addressing the health worker shortage in such underserved communities as well as provide affordable and accessible healthcare services. 4. Thinking of yourself, what is the best patient experience youve had and why? What is the worst patient experience youve had and why? The best patient experience that I have had is when as a medical assistant I managed to attend to my client from vastly different tender backgrounds from mine and was able to blend well with them despite the disparities in culture, values, and language.

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Assignment 4 - Essay ExampleIn other words, free lead is said to be operant whenever an action is seen to be morally responsible or lack thereof. In the same vein, free will is applied to those actions which lead to significant consequences. The second condition is important, for there is no utility in dissecting the intentions of an individual when they do not spring from a will to act. Having said this, sometimes people make the right choices for the wrong reasons. To block such pitfalls, Campbell says that inner acts is what needs to be considered, as opposed to overt acts.Campbell goes on to further refine the scope for free will. An individual cannot be held responsible for decisions and actions that are beyond his realm of control. To this extent, only those acts are accounted for, for which the instigator is the sole actor. As Campbell readily admits, his endeavour toward a sound definition of free will is only partially successful. Not only are there too many conditions, b ut there are also extraneous factors such as heredity and environment which have a bearing on the exercise of free will. Considering all the loopholes and external factors, Campbell adopts a simplified guideline, whereby, an individual can be blamed or praised for his acts, only if he could have acted otherwise.There is some merit to the view that heredity and circumstance can considerably limit pitying volition. But this premise only sets the scope within which free will can be evaluated. It does not follow that determinism is the overarching explanation for human action. The other study problem with determinism is that it disburdens people from moral responsibility.While Campbells success in defining free will could be debated, his essay has a definite utility. It helps the reader understand the various truisms, assumptions, variables, factors and pitfalls that the project entails. Yet, by the end

Epidemic of Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Epidemic of corpulency - Essay ExampleThe great number of risks and problems associated with the condition has made it a issuing of concern for the entire world. The alarming levels of the condition in the United States have served it to be labeled as an epidemic. There is still a ray of take to and the great thing is that fleshiness rat be solved by each and every one of us making better choices and providing better options for consumers. Obesity is a very widespread problem in the United States of America. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, two third of the people who endure in the United States either suffer from change magnitude weight or obesity with on an average of one third of the population suffering from obesity (Weight Control and Information Network 2010). Another very important finding in the country explores the fact that the vulnerability of the children becoming obese has also increased and the in the last three decades the rate of this condition has increased by more than thrice in the country. The intensity of the issue of childhood obesity can be analyzed by the fact that the issue has come to the notice of the first family and even they have called for efforts to fight against obesity (Laing 2010).

AFA in news Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AFA in news - Essay ExampleThe other Wes withal is not so lucky and surrounded himself with addicts, sunk deeper and deeper into drug trade, fathered many children and finally ends up behind bars.The story somehow connects to slavery since we are told of poor black neighborhoods which could have resulted due to the enslavement of the ancestors of the black community. Thus Blacks economic standards are usually lower than those of other races because they lack a firm and upstanding economic foundation, due to prolonged slavery of their forefathers. As I read the story, I could not help imagining how a persons determination underside elevate one beyond his/her current circumstances and improve ones chance at living a better and morally sincere life. The main problem portrayed in the story is that of drugs, crime and negative influences in ones life. Thus the problem of crime and drugs is well highlighted and groundwork be attributed to the kind that the other Wes Moore lived. A po ssible solution to this is educating such neighborhoods on the dangers of drug and crime involvement as well as devising sure that youths have got enough role models and institutions to keep them off the

PROJECT DEFINITION (Final project) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

PROJECT DEFINITION (Final project) - Essay ExampleThe original purpose of the phone conversation was to discuss a possible licensing agreement. However, their conversation led to a discussion of competitive strategy and the idea of a merger between the two companies was broached. (Hoopes, 2004). By next month, all the basics of the deal were formulated and by September first week, the merger was approved by both boards. The merger was expected to yield savings projected to reach $2.5 billion annually by 2004. (Hoopes, 2004).To identify the strategic management issues that arose out at Compaq and Hewlett-Packard respectively in the lead up to the merger in 2001, and the changes in strategic management that resulted after the merger within the newly merged operation.Although Compaq was growing at a good rate as an independent corporation in the server merchandise and retail PCs, as part of strategic management policy it wanted to expand its reach, particularly in the consulting arena. As an important step towards its transition as a consulting power providing corporate solutions, Compaq and its CEO Michael Cappellas utilized the offer put forward by Carly Fiorina. Compaq, which has a global services division of almost 40,000 employees, is pitiable strategically towards IT business solutions in the key markets, where together with HP, they can compete effectively against IBM, Dell, and Sun. (Cormia, 2002). As Compaq had a strong strategic management policy of intricacy into the consulting arena, the merger was the best feasible option for them.HP wanted to include PC assembling and retailing in its resume and thereby become a full-service technology company. A full service technology company who can do all the IT related works and thereby take on the leading Dell and IBM. Fiorina argued, the merger would create a full-service technology firm capable of doing everything from selling PCs and printers to setting up

Evaluate a case study using behaviourists approach Essay

Evaluate a case study using behaviourists approach - Essay ExampleMoreover, cognitive scheme works on the assumption that answers be always resulting from deliberate patterning. the theory is best used for encyclopaedism and teaching purposes as it assumes that perceptions is a change happening in the mind and is caused by psychic depiction and relationship stirred by the experiences of an individual (BECK, 2011 62). This paper uses a different theory from behaviorist theory and related to behavior and provides an intervention strategy. In addition, the paper analyses the pros and cons of using cognitive theory to a behaviorist approach.Cognitive theory is a psychology learning theory which tries to explain how individuals act. It reasons that the acts be from choices which are made from humans who are considered logical beings. The known aspect of this theory is social cognitive theory that lays emphasis in understanding and changing how new(prenominal) individuals behave. It is mostly witnessed in advertising and peer pressure groups. Moreover, the theory forms a basis of treating psychological horrors which are related to the response of an individual. The main focus of the theory is to establish the different cognitive processes in learning. The main process involved in this theory includes scrutinizing, classifying and making theories based on the available information. In my opinion, learning in cognitive theory is based on activities happening within the minds are not created with other stimuli originating outside the mind.Abstract instructions can be used to assess students because of the similar mental models which are contextual. In using the mental models, students can either be assessed using mind maps, taxonomies or networks to go over their understanding of a learning session or experience. Also they can be asses seducing a social, individualized approach which composes of the use of groups. This involves attaching little values to the ins tructions to the learning experience as popularly believed all work

Government is a Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government is a Trust - Essay ExampleThese needs great deal be very different. People depend on the governance to leave a good infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and utilities. They also depend on the government to provide a good and stable economy that can provide jobs and housing. Education is an important need that the government helps to fulfill, and the judicial system establishes laws to protect the people. These things are provided for the whole of the people, not just groups or individuals. alone the government also provides needs to groups and individuals. Elderly people in the United States depend on the government for Social Security and Medicare to help them survive their senior years. The misfortunate rely on the government to assist them with money, food, and housing when needed so that they too can live.The trustees of the government are those who are elected by the people. They are endowed with a very important responsibility because their mission is to take the money and services that the Trust contains and be sure that it is distributed properly so that it does hence benefit all the people who need it. These trustees also have the responsibility of appointing people in the judicial branch of the government, who will make decisions that affect the lives of the people.But beyond providing tangible needs for the people, the government and its trustees must also provide intangible elements such as tru

Activities in Preparing a New Venture Business Plan Assignment

Activities in Preparing a New Venture Business Plan - Assignment ExampleThe group followed the pattern of Tuckmans group development model precisely in the forming stage, where individual tasks maintained the most discussion and all team atoms were motivated and revolve abouted on maintaining good behavior to build acceptance in the group (Tuckman 1965). Group dynamics, overall, were quite positive. Each team member maintained a clear focus on individual tasks and worked cooperatively to produce a high-quality project output. Over the development of the project, group members became accustomed to diverse methods by which severally team member performed their tasks and embraced these differences effectively. Whilst there was some level of the challenge during the initial formation of the group (which will be discussed in detail), the team functioned well at once individual personalities and attitudes were prize and esteemed. The group followed the model of Tuckmans group develo pment model precisely in the forming stage, where individual tasks maintained the most discussion and all team members were motivated and focused on maintaining good behavior to build acceptance in the group (Tuckman 1965). Group dynamics, overall, were quite positive. Each team member maintained a clear focus on individual tasks and worked cooperatively to produce a high-quality project output. Over the development of the project, group members became accustomed to diverse methods by which each team member performed their tasks and embraced these differences effectively. Whilst there was some level of the challenge during the initial formation of the group (which will be discussed in detail), the team functioned well once individual personalities and attitudes were respected and esteemed. The group met regularly, however, the timeline for these meetings was disparate and dependent on the task deadlines assigned to each team member. If tasks had a three-day deadline, a meeting was s cheduled on day four to coordinate all individual work, discuss its relevance and quality, and then incorporate it (as a collaborative group) into the final project. Conflicts and challenges The group appeared to follow the one-dimensional path in group development, in which conflict began to emerge in the storming stage. Whilst Connors and Caple (2005) suggest that not all groups follow the linear stages precisely, this group appeared to justify Tuckmans model. It is in the storming stage where hostilities manifest. In one particular instance, two team members felt that the group was not achieving individual task deadlines proficiently and began overly-assertive efforts to try to reallocate tasks to be completed collectively rather than individually. For example, the individual assigned the marketing and promotion task had created initial advertising mock-ups that were not considered relevant to the market piece characteristics the group had collectively agreed upon.

World War II propaganda posters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World War II propaganda posters - Essay ExampleThe opening of the thesis report consists of the background information about American propaganda posters against the Japanese and German.Propaganda posters against the Japanese were in partial response to Japanese PSYOPS against the join States.Propaganda against the Japanese centered on the idea that the Japanese were subhuman or second-rate.The vindication for Chinese internment camps was part of the propaganda poster campaign during WWII.Propaganda against Germany, in the beginning, revolved around the invasion of the United States.Hitlers stupidity, ridiculous looks, and manic speeches also were have on American propaganda posters of the time.War efforts at home were a major field of study in American propaganda postersWar bonds propaganda encouraged Americans to invest in the United States bond program.Gas conservation, working in military supply sectors and being hardworking posters encouraged Americans to put more effort into their work to help the fight effort.Propaganda posters led the public to believe every able man needed to enlist or the war would be lost.Women played a significant office in American propaganda posters during WWIIThe depiction of the helpless American woman being raped by Japanese or German soldiers was a popular theme of WWII.Women were mobilized in WACS and other units to serve as nurses for the wounded soldiers.

Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

reconstructive memory - Essay ExampleThe above mentioned scenario, as well as the events that followed in the attempted reconstructive memory of the American South by the Republican Party, were catalogued by several historians, with from each one historian instilling their own perspective into their recording of events. For the purposes of this paper an elucidation of the views of the views of iv historians and their texts will be provided. These include reconstruction by Thomas Wilson, The Negro in Reconstruction by Carter Woodson, The Ordeal of Reconstruction by Thomas A. Bailey, and Reconstruction Unfinished Revolution by Mary Beth Norton. Overview The views expressed by the different authors are to an extent the products of their particular time and prevalent historical school of judgement and as such are reflective of it in terms of the language used. Each text is also characterized by the amount of words dedicated to each issue depending on the particular perspective of eac h author. Wilson is generally extremely comminuted of the blue rugbaggers and derisory of the competence of the negroes patch being wholly openhearted to the plight of the Southern White. Woodson on the other hand, is focused primarily on the role of the Negroe and in attempting to absolve him of the corruption and mismanagement that plagued the era. Bailey highlights the incompetence and illiteracy of the negroes while painting a bleak picture of the government and policies of time, keeping in line with the other authors. Norton, is perhaps the only author to portray reconstruction and the Northern immigrants in a positive light, while being highly critical of the role of the Southern White gentry. Carpet Baggers Thomas Wilson in his piece Reconstruction places the blame for the failure of reconstruction solely on the carpetbaggers or opportunistic Northern immigrants and dedicates the majority of the piece to the exploitative activities of the above. Wilson states These men, mere carpet baggers for the most part, who brought nada with them, and had nothing to bring but a change of clothing and their wits, became the new masters of the blacks. Wilsons implication here is that all Northern immigrants were carpet baggers, individuals who had shortsighted wealth to offer the South and instead came to exploit its resources. There is no mention of Northerners who may have possibly arrived to assist in the improvement of the conditions of African Americans. Another inference that can be drawn from the above statement is that Wilson had beliefs that the carpet baggers were perpetuating the system of slavery, albeit indirectly by manipulating the blacks. Carter Woodson while taking a critical view of the role of the carpet baggers also accepts that some of them did have principled intentions Referring to the carpet baggers he states They were in many respects selfish men, but not always utterly lacking in principle. However, he does acknowledge that much of wh olesale corruption during the era was a result of the greed of the carpet baggers creation adventurers and interested in their own affairs, the carpet baggers became unusually corrupt in certain states. Thomas Bailey is for the most part silent on the role of carpet baggers but he does state Graft and theft ran wild, especially in states like Louisiana and South Carolina,

Explaining Hardware Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explaining wakelessware - Essay ExampleThis method would be fast and also would tending maintain the records of the candidates who had participated in the survey.3) Bank Checks Bank Checks are fed into the accounting software of the Bank mainly by the forms. These softwares maintain the accounts as well as the database of the customers. This method permits the checks to be everyocated directly into the customers accounts. At the same time since the operator feed the data by filling the forms, the inner system of fields rest intact.4) Retail Tags These tags can be input by a simple word processor like MS Word or Open mail Write software. The A4 paper can employ, on which at a time number of tags can be put depending upon their size. This method would be fast and carry out a lot of paper.5) Long Documents The Word Processor software like MS Word or Open Office Writer can beaver do data input for the long documents. With these methods we can do lot of formatting as well and the files can be stored easily not merely on the hard disk but also on the external storage device.1) Hand held computer The output from the hand held computers would be more obtained in a better manner by transferring the data from hand held computer to the desktop or the laptop. This method permits us to choose amongst the wide range of the printers on tap(predicate) in the market. Also some output can be obtained on the monitor itself.4) Memorandum For memos dot-matrix pr... 3) Resume Resume can be easily and stingily obtained on both the inkjet as well as the laser printer. Since it consists of only typed matter, with limited matter any of the methods can be used.4) Memorandum For memos dot-matrix printer would be more suitable. In these printers there is good facility of adjusting the paper sizes. Also paper roll can be put, thus making memo stamp very fast.5) Statistical Report It can be best obtained by the bigger Dot printer. Its printing cost is quiet cheap and bigger docu ment can be printed6) Company Annual Report Laser printer would be more suitable in this case. Its printing is quiet cheap and fast. compensate bulk printing would be affordable.Situations appropriate for the following devices 1) Hard Disk Hard disk is required in all computers and in all situations. Hard disks have capacity of storing large amounts of data and its speed is also fast. In our regular work we handle large amounts of data, which need to be stored. Also by from the system software lots of other software has to be stored hence hard disk is necessary in all situations. 2) Floppy Disk This is used when data is transferred from one computer to the other computer. However their capacity is limited and are less reliable. Hence these are being replaced by the pen drives.3) tug RAM is compulsorily required in all computers as it stores the data on which we are working. Without RAM we would not be able to work on any files.4) CDROM CDROM can carry large amounts of data on a s mall disk hence it is widely used in almost all situations for storing data.5) Tape Magnetic tapes are used for storing audio and video files. These tapes can be easily played in video shooting cameras also.Role of adjacent in

Coporate Governance and Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coporate Governance and Business Ethics - Essay ExampleIn short, all you ever cute we have right here kind of concept. The convenience division includes Sainsburys Local stores, Bells Stores in North East England, Jacksons Stores across Yorkshire and the North Midlands, and JB Beaumont in the East Midlands (Companys corporate website).Sainsburys edge aims to make finance easier to understand and manage and has built a reputation for offering excellent value products with extra benefits, delivered in a simple and hearty way. The current product range includes car insurance, life cover, home insurance, travel insurance, pet insurance, Visa credit cards, Child Trust Fund, internet savings account, newsflash access savings account, direct saver account, personal loans, and a car purchase scheme.Sainsburys to You is the internet-based home delivery service. It covers around 77 per cent of the UK. Herein customers slip orders online and freely choose time of delivery. The online servi ce also has Sainsburys Entertain You, which offers thousands of books, CDs, DVDs, videos and computer games and a DVD rental service with over 28,000 titles. Flowers, wine, gifts, kitchen appliances and electricals are also up for online buy.Sainsburys had a wide network of 727 stores in the UK at the end of 2005. Its market shares in various regions were very impressive, ranging from a high of 18.3 % in London to a modest 3.6% in Scotland with an overall UK market share of 10.4 %( TNS data for 52 weeks to 17 July 2005).Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility to StakeholdersTodays modern organization in many instances is the institutional centrepiece of a complex society made up of many people with a multitude of interests, expectations, and demands as to what organizations ought to provide. The social contract bridge between organizations and various parties has continually changed. Organizations that have been able to survive and thrive have found ways to respond to ever-cha nging expectations (Ronald, 2003). Sainsburys approach to corporate certificate of indebtedness is an exact recognition of the above fact. Sainsbury is a multiple activities company and has delineated its all possible immediate sakeholders in its customers, employees, communities, share holders, suppliers and the environment within its holistic corporate responsibility (CR) plan. Further Sainsbury recognizes another set of not so actively recognized stakeholders in government, politicians and regulators in the UK and Brussels, e.g. non-government organizations (NGOs) etc.However, for the present, we would not cover this set of stakeholders in this paper as their link with the company tends to be tenuous and long. It is important to examine Sainsburys views of the expectations of each of the above active groups of stake holders and efforts to meet them. Ethics is interested about value judgements. Business ethics deals with such judgements encourse doing business. Sainsburys busines s has set for itself a code of business ethics focussed around its active stake holders, as above. It is important to realize that the combined code for corporate governance contributes actively to business ethics in a compliable form. Ronald further suggests that if an organization institutionalises ethics, it is supposed(prenominal) to find itself trying to recover from a fall or

The programme for the harmonisation of Company Law in the European Essay

The programme for the harmonisation of Company Law in the European Union - Essay ExampleThe first Commission Proposal for a Publicity Directive can be traced back to the year 1964, and the beginning of the EC harmonisation in Company Law is marked by the issuance of this head start Directive in the year 1968. The first directive aimed at harmonising promotion prerequisites applying to companies, the conditions under which company transactions will be considered valid and the rules relating of the nullity of companies. The Second Directive, issued eight years later, deals with the establishment of public limited liability companies and the aid and adjustment of their capital. Also, it had an approach different from the first directive many of the edible lay down elaborate procedures rather than simply directing the Member States to fuddle legislations to a certain end. Thus, for this reason, it has been the object of criticism in some circles. However, undeniably, this directive is of immense importance, represents a significant step towards company law harmonization in the European Community. Soon after the Second Directive, the Third and Fourth directives were issued. The Third company law directive presented a new framework for conducting cross-border commercial activities. It had provisions for co-ordination of the procedures applying to internal mergers within Member States. The Fourth directive was concerned with disclosure of financial information and the contents of a companys annual accounts. It acts complementarily with the First Directive and is supplemented by the Seventh Directive, which deals with group accounts.

Alcoholic Beverage and Personal Communication Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Bever get along with and Personal Communication EssayIntroduction The habituate of a betray of drug types, including inebriant, argon part of the traditions of some, if not all, communities in Fiji. The Fijian and Indo-Fijian communities have long traditions of psycho-active drug use in the context of ritual and ceremony. 1,2 It has been noted that seafarers, in concert with indentured labourers, brought marihuana or Indian hemp traditions to Fiji, with the sugar put upe plantations providing fertile ground for furorivation. 2,3 Meanwhile, kava was astray cultivated and consumed by ethnic Fijians. The Indo-Fijian society slowly adopted kava insobrietying rituals and gradually others began to affix their consumption. In addition, marijuana use emerged and spread with increasing popularity amongst youth, e finically staminates. 2-5 This literature review explores the up-to-date licit and illicit drug office in Fiji. It considers peer-reviewed articles iden ti? ed using Pub Med, wellness Internet Work Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) searches and colourise literature, including published and unpublished make-ups, and web based resources (e.g. UNDOC, WHO).The review found that there is limited selective information available to assist in understanding the on-line(prenominal) situation and associated harms in Fiji, only if notes more studies and reports have examined alcohol consumption patterns and associated fond problems when compared with studies on illicit drug use. 1, 5-15 Alcohol use in Fiji jibe to the WHO orbiculate Status Report on Alcohol, data from the 1993 issue Nutrition Survey indicate that consumption of alcoholic home brew use is widespread in Fiji, as in other Paci? c nations.These beverages usually contain up to three times the alcohol content of commercially produced beer and are more or lessly inebriate by younger work force. 16 After 1995, unrecorded alcohol consumption in Fiji was estimated to be 1. 0 litre of pure alcohol per capita for the population onetime(a) than 15 years (estimated by a group of key alcohol experts). 17 Although there are no recently published statistics on the design of drinkers and abstainers, the same survey found daily drinkers to be 1. 4% among males and 0. 8% among females aged 12 years and over.18 Estimates from alcohol experts show that the proportion of cock-a-hoop males and females who had been abstaining (in the year prior to the survey) was 74% (males) and 98% (females). 17 Research shows that single potable sessions with a high rate of alcohol intake (common practice among Fijian youth) can cause abrupt mood swings resulting in violence, accidents and ? ghts, exaggerated emotions, uncharacteristic behaviour, memory loss, impaired judgement, conference problems, sleepiness, coma, stupor and death (at very high intake) and self-destruction attempts.Binge drinking has also been implicated in schizophrenic and other psychiatric episodes. 19 165 REVIEW PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG notwithstandingt on 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 While there is limited current information on the rate and consumption patterns of alcohol, cannabis and kava among young people,1,6,9 several studies2,3,8,11 were conducted to collapse the extent of tobacco and alcohol use among young people in Fiji in the 1990s and early 2000s.One of the studies4 found that alcohol is widely consumed in one form or another among young people, with about 2 in 5 of the young people surveyed having tasted it. The percentage of young people classi? ed as current drinkers ranged from a high of 26% among males to 9% among females. 4 Of concern was the high proportion of binge drinkers about 3 in 5 young people describe having had 5 or more alcoholic drinks in one session. The study4 indicated that the high prevalence among 13-15 year olds poses a serious concern, and highlights the indispensability for law enforcement and intervention programs to create an environment that promotes responsible drinking.Interestingly, the study found that when compared to smoking, alcohol and kava use, the proportion of young people using cannabis was comparatively low. 4 A follow up survey of 2147 students in 2004 by the National Substance Abuse Advisory Council (NSAAC) found a general increase in substance use among secondary students (see table 1). Table 1 Youth Substance Use in Fiji (Comparison of the results for Fiji in the 1999 Global Youth tobacco plant Survey by UNICEF and WHO and 2004 follow up survey by NSAAC). Substance Tobacco Alcohol Kava Marijuana GYT Survey (1999) 32.3 40. 3 51. 9 12. 8 NSAAC (2004) 43 51 61 13 Signi? cant variations exist in the drinking habits of males and females in Fiji there are many more male drinkers than there are female drinkers. 11 Ordinarily males consume the bulk of the alcohol in the company of other males, usually during drinking sessions with no special occasion, while more or less women drink alcohol during social funct ions or in night club settings in the company of men and other women. While women occasionally participate in drinking sessions, typically it is an exclusively male activity.11,13 It is at these drinking parties where the most copious amounts of alcohol are reportly consumed. Thus, when males drink, they tend to drink larger amounts of alcohol in one sitting than women do. Illicit drug use in Fiji Border Security and Drug go for Limited data exist to aid in understanding illicit drug use and the associated harms across the Paci? c. In addition, there are no surveillance systems. 20 However, Fiji by virtue of its geographical position is faced with the twin problems of illicit drug traf? cking and increasing use.21,22 These are further aggravated by the rapid transitional and social changes arising from urbanization. These developments create an atmosphere which exposes entire communities to greater essay associated with drug use (Personal communication Fiji police force Departm ent, 2008). Minimal use of drugs such as heroin, morphine, cocaine and hallucinogens occur, but this review found that Fiji is considered a transit area for smuggling. 20-23.Drugs such as heroin, methamphetamines and 166 PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 REVIEW cocaine are not commonly used due to their high cost when compared to the average income. Raw cocaine has reportedly been found in Fiji and three Chinese men and a Fijian security guard were murdered in what was thought to be an organized crime execution linked to drugs. 22 National enforcement agencies have sufficeed to curb traf? cking as is re? ected by the large seizures of illicit drugs. 24,25 In spite of this response, a drug laboratory found in Fiji in 200625 supports the view that organized crime groups could escalate their activities in the Paci? c islands.21,25 A raid at an industrial estate in Suva, involving police from Australia and New Zealand and Fijian Customs Of? cer followed a major heroin s eizure in 2000. 21,25 The lab identi? cation also suggests a transition of Fiji (and possibly other Paci? c Nations) from a transhipment point to a production base. According to the New Zealand Police, to succeed in future operations similar to the Suva bust, interested agencies need to work towards having robust communication systems across organisations to keep them connected and informed on crime in the region.21 It is reported that there are about 5000 vessels transiting in the Paci? c on any given day. 21,24 Large shipments may be unloaded from a mother ship to slimer vessels, and can subsequently go in cover at the many small, uninhibited islets and atolls, waiting for the next step. 21 Fiji has recently established a Transnational Crime Unit (TCU) with the Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs situation (FIRCA) as one of the key law enforcement agencies involved. This unit has been vigilant in promoting the cooperation between border organizations in order to assist the TCU in controlling the borders.24 The Unit also compiles data for intelligence risk assessments throughout the year. It supports a Case Management Intelligence System (CMIS), whereby relevant information from the Police Department, in-migration Department, Local Government Authorities, Financial Intelligence Unit, and other Law Enforcement Agencies24 are automatically linked in the system. A number of cases which the TCU have been investigating let in a Tongan syndicate smuggling drugs from Fiji to Tonga.In a recent example of program cooperation a number of TCU surveillance targets were arrested during a Police barricade in Sigatoka (personal communication, FIRCA, 2008). Domestic Issues Cannabis is by far the most common and widespread illicit drug used in Fiji. 11 Like many other countries in the region, anecdotal evidence suggests there has been a considerable increase in drug use among young people4 despite the relatively small increase suggested by the 2004 NSAAC study (see table 1). However, it is not clear if the two studies they reported were directly comparable.Data collected by the St Giles Hospital and the Fijian Police Department support the view there has been an increase in use. Admissions data for St Giles Hospital reports on cannabis induced psychosis and other disorders. In 1987, ? ve young men were admitted to St Giles Hospital with cannabis related mental disorders. In 1988, the number rose to ? fteen with many more unreported cases. 26 The 2005 hospital data revealed that a replete(p) of 612 patients were seen at outpatients department diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder.These included 386 (63%) patients for marijuana, 59 (10%) alcohol, 99 (16%) kava and 99 (16%) tobacco use issues. In 2006, 272 admissions to St Giles Hospital were reported as drug related, consisting of 66% Fijians, 20% Indo-Fijian and 14% belong to other ethnic groups. It is probable that the political troubles in 2006 impacted on the number of admissions, but no data we re available to con? rm or reject this view. Police arrest data report possession (see Table 2).8,13,26 Statistics provided by Fiji Police showed 259 drugrelated crimes were affiliated in 2008. there was a 21 per cent drop from 2007 which had 329 drug-related 167 REVIEW PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 crimes. 27 There are also reports of increasing cannabis cultivation as a form of inter-seasonal cash crop substitution among farmers. It is estimated that Fiji has between 500 to 1000 cannabis producers, some of them citing the hoidenishs worsening economy as the motivator for production (personal communication, Police Drug Unit, November 2008).For generations, the villagers of Navosa have travelled for hours across rugged terrain to form a road to the market to sell their produce with no guarantee their produce will be sold. Facing the same hardships as their ancestors, many of these villagers report having no choice but to resort to marijuana growing because Th e product is lighter, it has a steady market and is economically viable (Personal communication with growers, December, 2008). Production is predominantly for local consumption. Table 2 Recent Crime Data ( Drug offences recorded by the Fiji Police Forces from 2000 to 2006).Year Drug offences 2001 433 2002 417 2003 417 2004 312 2005 312 2006 333 The pay off the Children Fund in Fiji reports that the continuing political and economic instability in the country has also led to a lot more children working as drug traf? ckers or prostitutes. 28 Concern over the increasing number of children involved in drug traf? cking was sparked by the recent arrest of three school children caught selling drugs in an fun centre in Labasa. The Fiji Womens Crisis Centre reported an increase in young Indo-Fijian girls working as prostitutes in urban centres.Furthermore, the National Manager for Save the Children Fund in Fiji, says there is a growing trend among poor families to send their children out onto the streets. 28 Drug and alcohol legislation and policy According to the literature, there is no regional-based illicit drug policy for the Paci? c and few treatment programs. 20,29 Information from the Paci? c Island Forum Secretariat (PIFS) indicates that Fijis Illicit Drugs interpret Act is an adaptation of the Regional Model Law on the Control of Illicit Drugs which was developed by the Secretariat.There was no formal committee, but it was endorsed by a Cabinet sub-Committee on legislation which was chaired by the then Attorney- popular. Both the Fijian Government and PIFS are advocating for a regional legislative framework to respond to the increase in illicit drugs in the region (personal communication, PIFS, 2008). Amphetamines are a key drug of concern with the regions geographical vulnerability highlighted as a key factor in the rationale for this approach. At the time of writing, Kiribati and Fiji are the only two PIFS member countries to have adapted and enacted the model law.Furthermore, a Code of Practice has been developed by PIFS to assist stakeholders such as law enforcement agencies and pharmacies to classify, register and dispose of illicit drugs (personal communication, PIFS, 2008). It may be adapted by Forum member countries with modi? cations to suit national legal and administrative arrangements. Legislative control on the consumption and sale of alcohol to minors has not been widely and effectively implemented. While minors are legally barred from consuming alcohol, the sale of alcohol beverages to under-age drinkers is common throughout the country.11 For the minor who is unable to deliver the goods access to commercial alcohol beverages, homebrew is an easily obtained alternative. Anecdotal evidence suggests that minors make up a large and undetected percentage of consumers of alcohol beverages. 168 PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 REVIEW Sexually Transmitted Infections Sexually Transmitted Infections, including HIV, are emerging public health problems in Fiji. 13 A recent WHO report indicated that the rise in the number of HIV cases, in addition to increasing number of patients accessing STI clinics, in an current concern.In 2006, MOH statistics indicated30 that Fijians comprised 83% of con? rmed HIV diagnoses, Indo-Fijian 13% and others 4%. Since 2004, Fijian males had replaced females as having the highest number of cases. Overall, males comprised 59% and hetero sex activityual transmission system accounted for 85% of all cases. By the end of 2004 a total of 182 HIV transmissions had been reported in Fiji13 and the number of new cases reported each year has increased for the last ? ve years. In Fiji, reported cases of syphilis and gonorrhea have ? uctuated between 1998 and 2004. In 2004 there were 852 reports of syphilis and 1182 gonorrhea.The number of cases reported for 2008 were 1004 for syphilis, 1064 gonorrhea and 283 HIV cases. 27 Recent statistics from Fijis Health Ministry on Sexually Transmitted Infections are a cause for concern with the high rate of STIs among people aged 20 to 29 increasing the risk for HIV infection. 31,32 Fijis Director of Public Health notes that statistics gathered over the past eight years by the Ministry show that gonorrhoea and syphilis are the most frequently reported STIs in the country, which highlights the underlying concern of unsafe sexual behaviour among young people and the same high-risk behaviour for the transmission of HIV. He also said that sex is serious business and that anyone, especially young people, who participates does so at their risk, in view of the sad consequences of infection from so many STIs including HIV, pelvic in? ammatory disease and infertility. 32 Risk/Protective Factors Some religious groups in Fiji, such as Islam, strictly forbid the use of alcohol. Christian denominations such as the Assemblies of God, Jehovahs Witnesses and the Seventh Day Adventist Mission also prohibit the consumption of alcohol. Individual members of these religious groups vary in the degree to which they adhere to these principles.Any negative effects of combining tobacco or alcohol with kava use are currently conjecture, with relatively diminutive work done to explore the nature of the relationship between these substances in the Paci? c. 1,6,9,26,33 However, anecdotal evidence suggests an inter-relationship exists with social and health consequences. 1, 4-6, 9, 13, 26, 33, 34 Reports of kava drinking followed by a beer chaser, known as washdown, are not uncommon and suggests the need for further exploration of potentially painful consumption patterns. Excessive drinking, drinking withal frequently and too much, often re?ects the drinking pro? le of the majority of young people in countries like Fiji. 5, 11, 14 Excessive drinking is reported as a signi? cant contributor to motor vehicle accidents, violence and aggressive behaviour, unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and cr iminal activities. 3, 14, 15, 18, 26 It has been suggested that the alcohol consumption pattern of young Indigenous Fijian males follows the traditional kava ritual of drinking until there is nothing left in the kava bowl. In many instances, young people often end their kava drinking session by consuming alcohol (wash down).3, 5 It is reported that most youths drink excessively to manage their problems, but it may result in new problems like unsafe sex, crime and violence and even suicide. 5, 14, 15, 34, 35 A study in Fiji10, 11 revealed that alcohol was a factor in 58% of all homicide between 1982 and 1992 and approximately 80% of the crime in the country is alcohol-related. 10, 18 169 REVIEW PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO.1 Furthermore, the effects of alcohol on the physical, mental and social health of Fijis citizens have in recent years been the subject of considerable concern amongst health-care professionals and social scientists, as well as the ordinary citize ns. 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 23, 26, 33 At relegate there is suf? cient evidence from a variety of research ? ndings1, 6, 10, 11, 34 to suggest that the heavy consumption of alcohol contributes other health problems in Fiji, such as diabetes, heart problems, obesity and hypertension. Among the social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption in the country,10, 11 violent crime, domestic violence, and road fatalities have been identi? ed as the most serious.8, 23, 34 While alcohol and home brew drinking are more common, marijuana cultivation, sales and distribution has become pervasive in some Paci? c Island countries. It has been seen as a good source of income. A further emerging substance abuse issue is glue snif? ng among school age children, mostly in their early teens. In addition, unemployment in youths is a major problem in the Paci? c. In Fiji it has been estimated that out of nearly 10,000 youths seeking employment, only 1500 can be employed. 2, 3, 13 Studies and observations in some urban areas of Paci?c countries point to an increasing numbers of people between the ages of 15-19 engaging in commercial sex worker with some aged even younger. 2, 3, 11, 15, 35, 36 Conclusions There is a range of evidence and data suggesting the potential for increased risk of HIV infection associated with substance use in Fiji, but there is a need to explore this issue further with social behavioural and qualitative research. While harmful substance use patterns and sexual health risk factors are increasingly reported, there is little current analysis regarding the interaction of the two.Of particular concern is the current environment of rapidly changing substance use patterns with little in the way of structural responses to protect the people of Fiji from the range of social and health-related harms. In addition, dif? cult economic conditions and the tangible bene? ts of cannabis growing and distribution (and potential for amphetamine production) lend urgency to the ne ed to investigate these issues further and to develop viable interventions that are informed by robust data and research information. References 1. Goundar R, Kava consumption and its health effects. daybook of Community Health and Clinical Medicine for the Paci? c 2006. 13(3) p. 131-5. 2. Plange, N. K. , accessible Aspects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse An overview of the situation in Fiji. Fiji medical Journal, 1991. 17(3) p. 5-12. 3. Plange, N. K. , Alcoholism and Crime among Urban Youth in Fiji. 1991, University of the South Paci? c. 4. UNICEF. , Substance use among adolescents in Fiji A surveillance Report from the Fiji Global Tobacco Survey. 1999. 5. Rokosawa, M. Alcohol problems in Fiji. 1986 cited. 6. Moulds RFW, M. J. , Kava herbal panacea or liver poison?For Debate. Medical Journal of Australia, 2003(178) p. 451-3. 7. Morrison F, H. F. , Gaylord J, Leigh B, Rainey D. , Adolescent drinking and sex ? ndings from a daily diary study. Perspective on Sexual Reproductive Health, 200 3. 35(4) p. 162-8. 8. Adinkrah, M. , Homicide-Suicides in Fiji Offence patterns, situational factors socio-cultural contexts. Suicide and Life backbreaking Behavior, 2003. 33 p. 65-73. 170 PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 REVIEW 9. Kava, R. , The adverse effects of Kava. Paci? c Health Dialog, 2001. 8 p. 115-18. 10. Adinkrah, M., groundless encounters A study of homicide patterns in Fiji society.1996, Fiji Council of Social Services. Suva, Fiji. 11. Adinkrah, M. , Crime, deviance delinquency in Fiji. 1995, Suva, Fiji Fiji Council of Social Services. 12. Plange, N. K. , Social aspects of drug and alcohol abuse An overview of the situation in Fiji. Fiji Medical Journal, 1991. 17(3) p. 4-12. 13. WHO, National Workshop on Alcohol Related Problems in Fiji. 1986. 14. Naiveli, B. , Alcohol and Crime. 1986, Royal Fiji Police. p. 34,35 15. Kippax, D. D. , The Genesis of Alcohol -Related Problems. 1986, Fiji School of Medicine. p. 24-28.16. Na tabili kavoro The place of alcohol in the lives of Fijian people living in Aotearoa New Zealand. ALAC Research Monograph series No. 4. Wellington, Sector Analysis, Ministry of Health for the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 1997. 17. Alcohol per capita consumption, patterns of drinking and abstention worldwide after 1995. Appendix 2. European Addiction Research, 2001. 7(3) p. 155-157. 18. http//www. who. int/substance_abuse/publications/en/? ji. pdf, WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004 Geneva. 19.Recommendations for policy to support health promotion. A report to the Minister of Health., N. C. f. H. Promotion, Editor. March 1998. 20. Devanney M, R. G. , Baldwin S, Crofts N, Power, R, Illicit drug use and responses in six Paci? c Island countries. Drug and Alcohol Review, 2006. 25 p. 387-900. 21. Drug Enforcement brass section Intelligence Division, Drugs Intelligence Brief the paci? c islands region, v. Alexandra, Editor. 2004, Drug Enforcement Administration. 22. United States Of? ce on Drugs Crime, Paci? c Islands UNODC Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci? c. 2003. 23. Ratinisiva M, Drug Traf? cking, Prevention and Control in Fiji. Fiji Medical Journal, 1991.17(3) p. 5-12. 24. Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs Authority, yearly Report. 2006. p. 17. 25. Louisa, C. , Paci? c ripe for drug ring boom, in NZ Herald. 2004 Auckland. 26. Abusah, P. Y. , The Drug Scene in Fiji. Fiji Medical Journal, 1991. 17(3) p. 21-25. 27. http//www. stats? ji. gov. fj/ linchpin%20Stats/Miscellaneous/15. 7%20crime%20cases%20recorded. pdf. 2008. 28. http//tvnz. co. nz/view/page/425822/37544, More Fijian youth in drugs, prostitution 2001. 29. 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